Sprains
Our many bones are held together by joints and ligaments. Though durable, a sudden twist or blow can tear the ligament and cause considerable pain. Known as a sprain, this is one of the most common injuries among active people.
Look for the following at the site of injury:
- Pain
- Swelling
- Bruising
- Inability to move the joint
- Deformity
Treatment Techniques
First aid for sprains can be summed up in one word: RICE. RICE stands for: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation.
Rest
You need to rest for a day or two, splinting the injury if necessary. (If pain worsens after 48 hours, call your doctor.)
Ice
Apply ice immediately to relieve pain and minimize swelling. Wrap an ice pack in a towel and leave on for no more than 15 minutes at a time. Reapply every three or four hours until swelling subsides.
Compression
Wrapping the injury with an elastic bandage prevents further swelling and bolsters the joint against painful movement. Keep the area bandaged for several days, rewrapping as needed.
Elevation
Lying down and positioning the injury above heart level helps drain fluids and reduces swelling.
How to Wrap the Injured Area
To prevent swelling, use the figure-eight pattern when wrapping the injured area. For sprained ankles or wrists, leave the toes or fingers exposed and check regularly for discoloration, tingling, and numbness. If these symptoms develop, the bandage must be loosened.
Prevention Techniques
Sports and sprains go hand-in-hand. Fortunately, there are ways to play safe and stay in the game. The Sports Medicine Therapists at Carolinas Hospital System recommend the following tips:
- Wear supportive shoes designed for your sport.
- Avoid movements that require locking or twisting the knees.
- Strengthening the muscles can help protect ligaments.
When to call a Doctor
Most minor sprains can be treated at home, but see a doctor for these symptoms:
- Severe pain and/or swelling
- Impaired joint function
- Numbness, tingling, or a change in color or temperature of the affected area
Often, it takes an x-ray to tell the difference between a sprain and a fracture, so don't hesitate to see a doctor if you are uncomfortable or unsure about your condition.
Back to First Aid.